The objective of this study is identifying what kind of marketing strategies have been used by the olive oil producer companies located in Balıkesir-Edremit region for coping with the global fi nancial crisis. The study also aims to examine marketing related problems of these companies and to offer solutions to those problems. The study comprises a fi eld research on olive oil producer companies functioning in the region. A list of the companies (and their contact information) was acquired from the Chamber of Trade. Noncontinuous companies and companies who were not holding at least one registered trade mark were excluded from the list. Face to face interviews were conducted with the owners/administrators of the remaining companies who produces, bottles and makes trade of olive oil and who admitted to participate the study. Increasing the level of domestic olive oil consumption would be benefi cial for the national economy as well as the public health. Because of the the fact that almost half of the domestic olive oil production is exported; defi ning the problems and providing solutions to olive oil producers is a necessary step to be taken. Findings of this research indicate that inadequate domestic demand, a limited geographical coverage of olive oil demand, consumer misperceptions (about price, quality, taste etc.) and lack of enough government support are the main and most important problems of olive oil producers. Managerial implications of these fi ndings are discussed and recommendations are presented.

In recent years, foreign direct investment to countries has increased under the infl uence of globalization. The countries that understand the importance of foreign capital in their development, implement various incentives and constitute special units in order to attract especially foreign direct investment to their countries. Developped economies have been the most attractive countries for foreign direct investment, while at the same time exporting capital. 70 percent of total foreign direct investment in the world goes to developped economies. In the last decade, it has been observed that there are considerable incereases in the foreign direct investment to the developping countries particularly such as China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Mexico and Brazil. Turkey also tries a variety of implementations in order to attract foreign direct investment that is crucial in its developping process. Nevertheless, global crisis has affected the foreign direct investment negatively both in Turkey and in the world. While the foreign direct investment volume to Turkey is 22 billion dollars in 2007, this number declined to 18.1 billion dollars after the impacts of the crisis. Although it is predicted that the foreign direct investment in Turkey will increase after the global crisis, for the return of foreign investment to its old level, it is necessary to evaluate the opportunities that are created by the crisis and to reconstruct the confi dence by additional precautions. In this context, the effects of global fi nancial crisis on the foreign direct investment in Turkey will be analysed in this paper.

Global economic crisis in the international economy suddenly and unexpectedly arise in respect of events macro economy, the micro-perspective of the company will seriously undermine the results is revealed. The organizations come across more or less crisis during their working periods. Generally, those crisis which are caused by both interior dynamics affect the management and fi nancial structure of organizations in a negative effects of the crisis, besides, changing the position in favor of themselves depends on their success in the crisis management. Nowadays, it is intended to decrease the negative effects of the crisis to minimum and also to change the crisis into opportunity for companies through Crisis Management Departments and the plans of Crisis Management. As part of these plans a Project was prepared. During the Global Crisis which appeared in 2008, the questionnaire showed the fi nancial problems, policies in crisis management, how they were affected and their expectations for the future of the fi rms in Balıkesir. In addition to that some suggestions were presented according to the results of the questionnaire.

Growth and employment-unemployment are the long term indicators which are vital to examine for the country’s economy. The source of crisis may arise from both the country’s own internal economic conditions and infl uence by the external effects. In this study, the causes and the effects of crisis will be analyzed together with the relationship between growth and employment after the 2001 crisis. In order to determine the relationship between growth and employment, Granger causality method will be applied with obtaining quarterly data for the period 1997: 01 to 2009: 03.

Global economic crises that arise in US in 2008 affected badly Turkey as well as all countries in the world. As a consequence, all countries took some protection measurements to lower the negative effects of the cries. Turkey has also taken some protective measurements named as “Economics Protective Packages” In this study; we study 7 Economic Protective Packages in terms of their timing and effects on employment. Although these measurements are in parallel in line with other countries in not good enough to lower the record rate of unemployment in Turkey. As a solution, the experiences of some countries on lowering unemployment are evaluated.

Firms, acting in the free market economy, have to compete with other fi rms which sell similar products in order to maintain their presence. The competition, which appeared previously on local size, has gained a global dimension being affected by globalization which has removed economic borders. Thus, to accord with international competition has begun to be necessity for fi rms. One of management strategies, preferred by the fi rms which intend to improve their market positions or not to want to fall behind in the competition, is merger&acquisition. Firms may aim to enhance or sustain their market powers with various incentive factors by merging with other fi rms -domestic or foreign, from same sector or close sector-. Also one of the downsides of existing economic system which affl ict fi rms are economic crises which appear once in quarter century -even ten years-. Major and rear economic turmoils appearing periodically may devastate sectors and fi rms especially with high sensitivity to crisis. Thus, economic (or fi nancial) crises, which may wound fi rms deeply, may lead fi rms to pursue merger strategy. In this study, the effects of the 2001 Turkey crisis and the 2007-2009 global economic crises on mergers&acquisitions of Turkey’s fi rms are examined. In the context of this examination, it is searched how trend mergers&acquisitions have before and after mentioned crises.

Universities are institutions where individuals determine their roles in the society and attain the required education in preparation for work life. University education help individuals both socialize and acquire the necessary equipment for the knowledge and experience needed for their professional life. In today’s knowledge society, this process cannot be restricted solely to university education; life-long learning and education is accepted as a vital principle.Perceptions of education personnel and support staff towards learning-organization culture play an important role in universities’ educating their students as individuals who are suitable for the knowledge society and formulate continuous learning as a principle. As institutions of education, universities have high expectations to be institutions that adopt learning-organization culture, follow continuous learning as a principle and educate their personnel towards this aim. In this study, it is aimed at investigating the perceptions of the academic personnel who provide education services and the administrative staff who provide supportive services to education and training in Balikesir University towards organization culture and exploring their efforts for continuous learning.

In this paper, we aim to outline the initiation and evolution of Global Financial Crisis that spread over the world during 2008 and 2009. We analyze the influence of financial crisis on emerging Europe countries and Turkey based on main macroeconomic indicators including both monetary and fiscal policy instruments. After that some policy implementations are discussed. The financial crisis has showed that strong financial linkages and trade dependencies among national economies make the integrated markets open to significant short-term and long-term financial risks with extensive real economic consequences and recovery takes substantial time and effort. Precautionary measures, structural reforms and new policies are vital for growing economies to rebound.

Alternating with globalization the concept of economy has led to accelerate the studies of privatization. Many people were dismissed after the privatization, however, the great majority employees who did not lose their’ employments have faced with distrustful work situation. Therefore, privatization implementations which have been perceived as crisis process by organization’ employee, to generate reactions (reactions arises. Undoubtedly, organization’s success or failure is directly related to be employee’s stress-free. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the work places where employees spend a signifi cant portion of their lives and to display organizational stress factors. Occupational stress, both for people in the organization and the organization itself poses an important problem. Occupational stress is a unwanted concept that work in cooperation with their own physical stress resources and get together insuffi cient fi ghting concludes the result of mental and physical illness. The case of uncertainty and changes in environment confront constantly organizations with unexpected dangers or opportunities. Such situations are perceived as crisis situations in organizations. In this study, operating in Erzurum and under the scope of privatization the Sugar Factory employees’ levels of occupational stress before privatization intended for measuring with survey was applied for 82 employees. Also taking into account the demographic characteristics take place in the survey, employees’ occupational stress levels was tried to designate with multiple regression analysis. Resulting regression equation related to occupational stress has been interpreted in terms of work place employees. In the next stage of the study, artifi cial intelligence learning techniques works will continue as an alternative of obtained regression models.

Agriculture, as stated in proportional changes within three sector disticntion is also regarded as the primary activity area in almost all economiesWhen international comparisons are made Turkey has comparative advantages in agricultural potential. However, it is diffi cult to say that Turkey's agricultural productivity and use of technology is well developed in terms of suffi cieny. Turkey, in terms of agricultural production, is one of the rare self-suffi cient countries, but for supplying excessive demand of its domestic production to foreign markets to obtain the necessary income it is rather insuffi cient. In Turkey, when the production, employment, market and economic factors of agricultural sector are taken into consideration it is also an important factor in economy with its considerable contribution. Thus, the discussion of the issue must be raised as for the sector's contribution to the economy in terms of further increasing production of the existing potential in mobilization.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 2001 economic crisis in our country and 2008 global economic crisis on fi nancial structures of companies listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) manufacturing sector. This effect has clearly shown the comparison of fi nancial ratios calculated from fi nancial tables related with these years “2001 and 2008” for companies. Also it has been dealt with whether there is any difference between fi nancial structure ratios for both these crisis periods in consideration of view IMKB manufacturing industry sub-sectors. The scope of the study is 131 companies working in manufacturing sector in 2001 and 2008. Parametric (paired t-test) and non-parametric (wilcoxon signed rank test) statistical methods have been used for determining whether differences are available for the fi nancial ratios of companies in these dates. According to these analytical results, statistical meaningful difference has been made clear between liquidity ratios (current and cash ratio), fi nancial structure ratios (fi nancial ratio, activity rate), activity ratios (fi xed asset turnover ratio, asset turnover ratio, equity turnover ratio) and stock market performance ratios (market value/book value ratio and tobinq ratio) for the periods. Any statistical difference is not matter of the subject profi t ratios of companies on between both crisis periods here.

Real or judicial person’s production or consumption decisions affect other individual or establishments utility or costs positively or negatively called as externalities. When negative impacts resulting from any production or consumption decisions affected other decision units, external costs were mentioned. Ecological pollution which is negative externality may cause external costs. The main components of ecological pollution which have been seen in Muğla district was air pollution. When Yatağan Power Plant which provides important part of electricity demand of Ege region was put into use beginnig from 1983, public opinion always make a response for emissions effects on environment and public health. The aim of this paper is to determine the real added value of Yatağan Thermal Power Plant which was the main nagative externality component in the region. For this purpose, depending on negative externalities, external costs which was caused by thermal power plant examines. These external costs determines as sag in price of real estate in region, fall in fertility of agricultural lands, the pollution of water resources and health problems of community in region. Furthermore, relating to internalizing the negative externalities which were created by power plant, economic approaches in literature are analyzing within market economy solutions and public economy solutions and introduce resolution advisories about internalizing externalities.